[라즈베리파이] Ubuntu Linux에 Samba 서버 설치

라즈베리파이에 대해서 공부를 하면서 공부한 내용을 블로그에도 기록하고 있습니다. 

스스로를 위한 기록이지만, 누군가에게 도움되는 내용이길 바라면서 블로그를 작성하고 있지만, 어느 정도 수준으로 작성해야 하는지 고민이 많이 됩니다. 

 

왜냐하면, 이 글을 읽는 분들께서 어느 정도의 배경지식을 가지고 있고, 어느 정도의 수준인지 알기 어렵기 때문입니다. 

Ubuntu Linux에 어느 정도 익숙하고, Samba Server에 대한 개념을 알고 계신다는 전제로 이 글을 작성하고자 합니다. 

 

아주 간단히 설명을 드리자면, Samba Server는 Windows 공유폴더와 같은 개념이라고 보시면 될 것 같습니다. 

PC 간에 파일을 주고받는 방법은 scp, ftp 등 여러 가지가 있겠지만, Host PC가 Windows일 경우 Target PC에 Samba Server를 구성하는 게 가장 편리한 것 같습니다. 

 

본 페이지에서는 라즈베리파이 Ubuntu Linux에 Samba 서버를 설치하여, Host PC인 Windows에서 라즈베리파이를 공유폴더로 접근할 수 있도록 설정하는 방법에 대해서 기록하고자 합니다. 

 

[작성자 환경]

제가 글을 작성하고 있는 환경은 아래와 같으므로 참조하시기 바랍니다. 

• Hardware : Rapsberry Pi 4B (8GB)
• microSD Card : 4GB
• OS : Ubuntu Linux

 

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[Samba 설치]

그럼 본격적으로 Samba 패키지를 설치하도록 하겠습니다.

터미널 실행 단축키인 Ctrl + Alt + T를 동시에 누르시면 터미널을 손쉽게 열 수 있습니다. 

 

$ sudo apt-get update $ sudo apt-get upgrade $ sudo apt-get install samba

 

sudo apt-get install samba 명령을 통해서 samba 패키지를 설치합니다. 

패키지 설치 전에는 항상 sudo apt-get update 명령과 sudo apt-get upgrade 명령을 미리 관용적으로 수행하는 습관을 들이시기 바랍니다. (이 과정은 다소 시간이 많이 걸릴 수 있습니다.)

설치가 완료되면 자동으로 samba server가 실행됩니다. 

 

$ sudo service smbd status

● smbd.service - Samba SMB Daemon
     Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/smbd.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
     Active: active (running) since Mon 2021-01-18 19:33:29 UTC; 8min ago
       Docs: man:smbd(8)
             man:samba(7)
             man:smb.conf(5)
   Main PID: 69660 (smbd)
     Status: "smbd: ready to serve connections..."
      Tasks: 4 (limit: 9258)
     CGroup: /system.slice/smbd.service
             ├─69660 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
             ├─69664 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
             ├─69665 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group
             └─69670 /usr/sbin/smbd --foreground --no-process-group

Jan 18 19:33:11 ubuntu systemd[1]: Starting Samba SMB Daemon...
Jan 18 19:33:11 ubuntu update-apparmor-samba-profile[69654]: grep: /etc/apparmor.d/samba/smbd-shares: No such f>
Jan 18 19:33:11 ubuntu update-apparmor-samba-profile[69657]: diff: /etc/apparmor.d/samba/smbd-shares: No such f>
Jan 18 19:33:29 ubuntu systemd[1]: Started Samba SMB Daemon.

 

 

sudo service smbd status 명령을 통해서 samba daemon이 정상적으로 active 되어있는 것을 확인하였습니다. 

 

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[Samba 계정 추가]

Samba 계정을 추가하도록 하겠습니다. 

라즈베리파이에 Ubuntu Linux를 설치하면 기본적으로 생성되는 ubuntu 계정을 이용하고자 합니다. 

$ sudo smbpasswd -a ubuntu

 

물론 ubuntu가 아닌 다른 계정을 이용하시고 싶으시면 계정을 생성하시고 해당 계정을 smbpasswd -a 명령으로 추가하시면 됩니다. 

 

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[Samba Server 설정 파일 수정]

이번에는 Samba Server의 설정 파일을 수정하는 방법에 대해서 설명드리고자 합니다. 

$ sudo vi /etc/samba/smb.conf

 

위와같이 입력하면 samba 설정 파일 내용이 나오는데, 다소 복잡하게 보일 수 있으나 쫄 필요는 없습니다. 

대부분이 주석이고, 실제 설정 내용은 간결한 편입니다.

#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which 
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
#  - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
#    differs from the default Samba behaviour
#  - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
#    behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
#    enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic 
# errors. 

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = WORKGROUP

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
   server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
;   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m

# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 1000

# We want Samba to only log to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd}.
# Append syslog@1 if you want important messages to be sent to syslog too.
   logging = file

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller". 
#
# Most people will want "standalone server" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
   server role = standalone server

   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
   unix password sync = yes

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set 
#

# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
;   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
;   logon drive = H:
#   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
;   logon script = logon.cmd

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script  = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
;   idmap config * :              backend = tdb
;   idmap config * :              range   = 3000-7999
;   idmap config YOURDOMAINHERE : backend = tdb
;   idmap config YOURDOMAINHERE : range   = 100000-999999
;   template shell = /bin/bash

# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 means that usershare is disabled.
#   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
;   comment = Home Directories
;   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
;   read only = yes

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   create mask = 0700

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
;   valid users = %S

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
;   comment = Network Logon Service
;   path = /home/samba/netlogon
;   guest ok = yes
;   read only = yes

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
;   comment = Users profiles
;   path = /home/samba/profiles
;   guest ok = no
;   browseable = no
;   create mask = 0600
;   directory mask = 0700

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

 

우선 기존 설정 파일을 백업합니다.

$ sudo mv /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb_default.conf

 

선호하는 편집기를 열고 /etc/samba/smb.conf 파일을 생성하고 아래 내용을 붙여 넣습니다.

[global]
   server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
   log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
   max log size = 1000
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
   server role = standalone server
   obey pam restrictions = yes
   unix password sync = yes
   passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* 
   pam password change = yes
   idmap config * : backend = tdb
   usershare allow guests = yes

[ubuntu]
   comment = Users profiles
   path = /home/ubuntu
   guest ok = no
   create mask = 0600
   writeable = yes
   directory mask = 0700

 

아래의 첨부파일을 바로 받으셔도 됩니다. 

smb.conf

0.00MB

 

GitHub에도 해당 파일을 업로드 해두었습니다. 

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/boyinblue/raspberry/main/samba/smb.conf

 

wget 명령을 통해서 받으셔서 편집하셔도 좋습니다. 

$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/boyinblue/raspberry/main/samba/smb.conf

 

[삼바 서비스 재시작]

$ sudo service smbd restart

삼바 서비스를 재시작합니다. 

 

 

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[삼바 서버 접속]

탐색기를 열고 \\192.168.25.2와 같이 라즈베리파이 주소를 입력하고 로그인을 시도해봅니다.

Host PC에서 탐색기를 이용하여 라즈베리파이 공유폴더에 접속합니다.

 

정상적으로 잘 로그인되는 것을 확인하였습니다. 

 

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[윈도우즈 자격증명으로 편리하게 로그인하는 방법]

윈도우즈 자격 증명을 추가해놓으면 이후부터는 ID, PW 입력 없이 자동으로 접속됩니다. 

 

 

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[포트번호]

만약 NAT 내부에 라즈베리파이가 존재하여 포트 포워딩이 필요하다면 아래의 포트들에 대해서 포트 포워딩을 하시기 바랍니다. 

Protocol	Port Number	Note
TCP	139
	445
UDT	137
	138

 

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[끝 맺음말]

 

이상으로 라즈베리파이에 Samba Server를 설정하는 방법에 대한 설명을 모두 마칩니다. 

부디 유용한 정보였기를 바랍니다. 

 

이상입니다.